Index
|
Search
|
Home
Casuarina junghuhnianaMiq.
Casuarinaceae
Jemara (Indonesian)
Source: James A. Duke. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished.
- Uses
- Folk Medicine
- Chemistry
- Description
- Germplasm
- Distribution
- Ecology
- Cultivation
- Harvesting
- Yields and Economics
- Energy
- Biotic Factors
- References
Introduced to Zimbabwe for street and roadside plantings and windbreaks, the
species may help solve the fuelwood shortage. Introduced to Thailand around
1900 as an ornamental tree, now extensively used to reclaim land abandoned
after mining, as well as for village firewood production. It was taken from
Thailand to India ca 1970 for fuel for the tea-drying industry.
No data uncovered.
No data uncovered.
Tree to 35 m tall, 1 m DBH, the stem rather straight, the crown often
symmetrically conical.
Reported from the Indochina-Indonesia Center of Diversity, jemara, or cvs
thereof, is reported to tolerate clay, drought, monsoon, poor soil, salt, sand,
screes, and weeds.
Native to highlands of eastern Indonesia—to East Java, Bali, and the lesser
Sunda Islands, where it occurs in extensive pure stands on mountain summits.
It pioneers the natural revegetation of deforested grassland, volcanic ash and
sand, gravelly stream beds, and screes. In manmade grassland it has extended
its area manyfold, at the cost of mixed mountain forest and scrub-forest that
formerly prevailed. Introduced to Thailand around 1900 (NAS, 1983e).
There are commercial plantings in salt marsh areas, sometimes inundated with
saline water (NAS, 1983e), but in its native habitat it ranges up to 3,000 m.
It is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 7 to 15 dm.
Propagated by cuttings in India and Thailand. Cuttings allow the perpetuation
of superior traits, and also allow plantings of a single sex, avoiding weed
potential through the spread of natural seedlings (NAS, 1983e). In India,
clusters of shoots (sprigs) are dipped in rooting hormone (or not) and placed
in a humid atmosphere, e.g. a sealed plastic tent in light shade under coconut.
Rooting in about 20 days, they can be outplanted. Can be propagated by coppice
or root sprouts as well. Inoculation may be necessary.
Based on experience with other species, I suspect that seed bearing age is 4–5
years and flowering peaks from April–June, fruiting from September–December.
Good seed crops occur annually (Ag. Handbook 450). Timber can be harvested as
needed. Litter and firewood may be gathered as the accumulation justifies.
No data available.
As with other Casuarina spp.
As with other Casuarina spp.
- Agriculture Handbook 450. 1974. Seeds of woody plants in the United States.
Forest Service, USDA. USGPO. Washington.
-
N.A.S. 1983e. Casuarinas: nitrogen fixing trees for adverse sites. National
Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Complete list of references for Duke, Handbook of Energy Crops
Last update Tuesday, December 30, 1997